"Not since _______, have such violent outbreaks been seen on the surface of the sun as have been reported this year."

The quote is from Harlan True Stetson, the date in the blank is August 1917, and the year Stetson wrote this was 1937. It sounds like it could have been written today. I’m a little dismayed at the hysteria being generated by the media about our current solar condition. We seem to be witnessing "grasping at straws" attempts to point the finger at anything suspect of causing total chaos as we approach the new millennium. At first it was Y2k that was supposed to end the world as we know it, and as that died out due to challenges and rational thought from real computer experts and industrialists (note: the computer industry is preparing for sales in the year 2000 — not the end of the world), now the Sun is the most recent victim to blame for our upcoming Armageddon. Mind you, most of these claims are coming from the alternative media, who again treasure alternative media sources for their documentation and confirmation. These media types do not consult scientists who are respected in the fields in which they work, rather they consult with so-called alternative spokespersons, prophets, and pseudoscientists (yes, I said that dreaded word) who profess "radical changes are a coming" and "head for the hills" mentality.

A classic example of this kind of behavior was presented to us at BSRF last year. We received several faxes from a couple of groups who had claimed that there was an extraordinary seismic event that occurred and had lasted for hours. They suggested that it had originated from deep inside the earth, and was unprecedented in that it was not felt by anyone. They had also suggested that it was probably a precursor to other potentially devastating seismic events. I perused the seismic databases in search of this anomaly and found nothing, so I asked the group if they could provide any data on the event. I received another fax with several seismograms from the internet’s Live Seismic Server which appeared to detail this event with a statement from the group that the USGS was silent on the event — that they may be involved in a coverup. After a quick glance at the seismograms it was easy to correlate the data exactly with a known event that had occurred on the day in question, and that their speculation on the duration of the event had stemmed from their inability to properly interpret the seismograms! Needless to say, after I replied to the group with the correct analysis, it was never mentioned again.

Of course, the USGS was not involved in any coverup — they simply had no idea what these groups were talking about and chalked it up to more lunatic hysteria — as do many mainstream scientists when confronted with such data. I can hardly blame them for their reactions as this is becoming more commonplace as the millennium approaches. Many in the scientific community are being bombarded with allegations of covering up data and research even when they try to present their findings openly. In order for the alternative science community to properly liaison with mainstream science this will have to cease. It is our hope that these attacks do not encourage elements of quantitative science to withhold rather than reveal.

So then, what is really happening with our Sun? Is there something unusual and extraordinary about the recent rise in sunspot numbers? Are communications satellites, automobiles, computers, powerplants, etc. going to be rendered useless? Is the sun going to explode soon or lash out with a gigantic fireball to consume the earth and her inhabitants? It’s always a possibility, but I don’t think so. There are some things that solar activity might be responsible for, but we’ll check into that a little later. First, let’s look at some graphical comparisons of sunspot activity through recent history. It has been stated by some media personalities that the recent rise in sunspot numbers may be the highest ever recorded — that the jump to over 300 (or 340) is simply unexampled.

[note: "Sunspot Number" is comprised of a daily index of SUNSPOT activity (R), defined as R = k (10 g + s) where S = number of individual spots, g = number of sunspot groups, and k is a variable scaling factor (usually <1) that indicates the combined effects of observing conditions, telescope, and bias of the solar observers. See: http://spaceweather.com/java/archive.html#sunspotnum

Rather than post all the graphs, here are some links to historical solar and geomagnetic data charts from 1956-1991 which show that unsmoothed sunspot numbers have indeed reached such levels and higher:

http://www.dxlc.com/solar/history/hist9107_08.gif
http://www.dxlc.com/solar/history/hist7911_12.gif
http://www.dxlc.com/solar/history/hist5907_08.gif
http://www.dxlc.com/solar/history/hist5803_04.gif
http://www.dxlc.com/solar/history/hist5709_10.gif
http://www.dxlc.com/solar/history/hist5711_12.gif
http://www.dxlc.com/solar/history/hist5611_12.gif

Or for the really enterprising see this historical database of daily numbers from 1818 to present (appears to be incomplete): http://www.oma.be/KSB-ORB/SIDC/DATA/dayssn.dat

During solar maximum there are many sunspots, and during solar minimum there are few. The plot linked below shows the number of smoothed sunspots observed from the year 1749 through the present: http://www.sunspotcycle.com/images/zurich.gif

Now here is a graphical comparison of solar cycles 21, 22 and our current Cycle 23:

And, here is a graphical comparison of solar cycles 10, 13, 17, 20 and the current Cycle 23 (using the international monthly smoothed sunspot number):

While Cycle 23 (our present cycle) has been predicted to be slightly above average (See: Cycle 23 will be above average but no record setter) Dr. David Hathaway of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center said, "It’s like saying we’re going to have a mild or cold winter,"

It is now quite probable that the Earth’s climate may be linked to sunspots. The "Little Ice Age" corresponded with a 70-year period, 1645-1715, when sunspots were thin in number, the Maunder minimum. Also, there are strong statistical associations linking current trends in climate (surface temperatures) to trends in solar activity (See these two excellent papers by Dr. Theodor Landscheidt from the Schroeter Institute for Research in Cycles of Solar Activity, Nova Scotia, Canada entitled, SOLAR ACTIVITY: A DOMINANT FACTOR IN CLIMATE DYNAMICS , and Solar Activity Controls El Niño and La Niña ).

Now that we have fairly determined that Cycle 23 is not really any different than previous cycles, what is it that the sun will affect, and what is it that we should really concern ourselves with?

Part II – Sunspots and Human Behavior

Related articles:

1. Sunspots and Human Behavior
2. The Constitution of the Sun and Stars
3. CONTRAILS: Scientific Studies Regarding Aircraft Contrails and Cloud Formation

Link UPDATE: One Year Later – "Those Mysterious Lines in the Sky" – are Still Flying by Jay Reynolds

The assertion that the government is spraying noxious chemicals on its own people from high flying military aircraft needs some real substantiation than just reports of seeing contrails in the sky and claiming they are making people sick. While there have been reports of similar activity in the past, merely seeing a jet contrail in the sky does not prove anything.

Persistence of contrails is neither an indication that they contain some kind of chemical, nor that it is some kind of spray. As a matter of fact, sailors have known for years to look specifically at the patterns and persistence of jet contrails for weather forecasting. If a jet is flying through air at altitude with a low humidity, the moist air from the jet engine might produce a slight, short-lived contrail. These short-lived contrails are a sign that the weather will be fair. A thick, long-lasting contrail indicates humid air high in the atmosphere, and can be an early sign of a storm:

From SAIL Magazine’s Sailing Tip of the Week:

Indicator: Skies
Continuing Good Weather: Clear, light blue to dark blue. Bright moon. Jet contrail disappears immediately or doesn’t form.
Possible Change:Large halo circling moon or sun. Jet contrail lingers thickly before falling apart.

Several scientific studies are also being conducted with respect to contrail formation and their climatic effects. "Cirrus clouds affect Earth’s climate by reflecting incoming sunlight and inhibiting heat loss from the surface. Ordinarily, cirrus clouds are only weakly influenced by most ground-based human activities, because of their high altitude. However, increasing levels of high-altitude jet air traffic may alter the regional climatic effects of cirrus because aircraft condensation trails (contrails) often produce new cirrus, which could differ in their radiative properties."

For example, SUCCESS (SUbsonic aircraft Contrail & Clouds Effects Special Study) is a NASA field program using scientifically instrumented aircraft and ground based measurements to investigate the effects of subsonic aircraft on contrails, cirrus clouds and atmospheric chemistry.

Another project called AEAP (Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project) consists of two major efforts to assess the effect of aircraft on the atmosphere. The objective is to develop a scientific basis for assessment of atmospheric impact of subsonic and supersonic aviation, particularly commercial aircraft cruise emissions.

Most of these studies are designed to assess the environmental impact of jet contrails – their effects on clouds and formation of clouds, and their chemical compositions. Below are specific links to several sites on the study of aircraft contrails:

RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF JET CONTRAILS
Jet Contrail Studies Using Polarization Lidar
Dr. David J. Travis, Climatologist (See list of published papers on Aircraft Contrails)
Subsonic Aircraft Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study
Subsonic aircraft Contrail & Clouds Effects Special Study (SUCCESS)
Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP)
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program
Environmental Conditions Required for Contrail Formation and Persistence
A comparison of the microphysical and optical properties of particles in an aircraft contrail and mountain wave cloud

Hopefully, these links will be of help in understanding the "contrail" problem.

Updated Links:

03-23-99 — Those Mysterious Lines in the Sky By Jay Reynolds* (updated 09-29-99)
10-08-99 — Contrails (vliegtuigwolken) are Bad News
05-15-99 — Contrail Formation, Duration, and Altitude
05-06-99 — Contrails Causing Illnesses – Or Something Else?
03-17-99 — Ian Goddard’s CONTRAIL ANALYSIS II
02-28-99 — Atmospheric Effects of Aircraft Emissions
02-20-99 — CONTRAIL ANALYSIS by Ian Williams Goddard

Pages that suggest Contrails are a government spraying operation:

• Mystery Contrails: Poison From the Sky
• Contrail Connection

Related articles:

1. Lunar Influence on the Electrochemical Production of Colloidal Silver
2. The Constitution of the Sun and Stars
3. Reich’s Contact with Space

It is well known that the quality of homemade electrochemical colloidal silver varies with every batch made. While some of this variance can occur due to mechanical and/or operator malfunction, such as improper voltage due to low batteries, the use of impure waters (other than distilled), incorrect duration of electrode contact, etc., there are other factors which play an important role in producing high quality electrochemical silver colloids.

The research work of Eugen and Lily Kolisko in the 1920s and 30s introduced the idea that certain celestial events had a profound effect on metals, and that the ancient traditional relationships between specific metals and planets could be demonstrated via laboratory experiment. The process of these experiments involved placing cylinders of special filter paper into dishes which held measured amounts of the various metal salts. Then, the capillary patterns which subsequently emerged, could be studied with reference to specific solar system events (a complete detailed description of the experimental process is contained in the book, The Metal-Planet Relationship by Nick Kollerstrom, available from BSRF). Early on, the Koliskos observed the effects that the moon’s phases had on solutions of silver chloride, and that profound effects could be viewed during lunar eclipses.

This information prompted the idea that lunar influence could produce exceptional differences in the quality of electrochemically produced colloidal silver. We immediately began preparing the necessary experimental equipment for the upcoming lunar eclipse (March 23, 1997, 8:45PM PST). Two CS-300 colloidal silver generators were used for the electrochemical process and a digital countdown timer would ensure that each batch ran for the exact prescribed time of 20 minutes. The first and second of four batches were initiated just prior to, and during the eclipse, and the last two just after the eclipse. The electrodes were checked and cleaned before each batch was run to assure a consistent voltage throughout the experimental run. The water used was distilled and was provided from the same bottle, and then pre-measured into 8 oz. glasses of identical size and make. Normal batches of colloidal silver produced in this way yield a count of about 6000 to 8000 ppb (parts per billion) of silver.

It had been noted with earlier batches of colloidal silver that a simple taste test easily detected differences in quality. Some batches would produce a heavy metallic taste, while others had no distinguishing differences from plain distilled water. After the eclipse experiment was completed, an initial taste test was conducted on the four batches. The first batches run just before and during the eclipse were perceptually absent of the characteristic metallic taste usually associated with a strong batch of colloidal silver. The two batches after the eclipse proved very metallic in taste. These samples along with a control were then taken to a local lab for analysis. The results shown in Figure 1 indicate that the amount of silver began to decrease nearing the eclipse, with a reduction to 1900 ppb during the eclipse. The last batch revealed a rise toward normal levels.

This data strongly suggests a lunar influence on the electrochemical production of colloidal silver. But, the lunar influence presides over other factors which are a part of the experimental test setup. Most are familiar with the lunar effect on tides, and going back into the distant past, many understood that the moon exerts a powerful influence on water itself. Folklore and fact abound with tales of lunar influence upon water, moisture, and other liquids. Plutarch instructed that the full moon caused such an increase in moisture that it made timber, wheat, and other grains which were cut at this time more likely to become decayed and rotten. If cut at the new moon, they would be dry and brittle.

The medieval medical practise of bleeding was to be governed according to lunar phases and their attendant proportions of moisture. Dr. E. J. Andrews, in 1960, confirmed that bleeding is worse around full moons than at any other time. Thousands of post-op records were compared to the dates of lunar phases showing a remarkable 82 percent of post-op bleeding episodes occurred on or around the full moon. Several other researchers and doctors would confirm his findings.

The medicinal effects of many folk remedies were also governed by the phases of the moon due to fluctuating moisture content. Bread was said to rise and leaven better during a full moon, owing to a better retention of moisture. There is a vast catalog of such correspondences between the moon and water, and more still with recent scientific investigations. G. Piccardi, a pioneer on water structure and water activation, demonstrated that cosmic energy forces are important factors in the modification of standardized laboratory chemical and phase-change experiments. He also discovered a dynamic and energetic movement to the Earth’s path in orbit that corresponds to seasonal changes.

The moon is not without its effects on electricity and electrical conductivity. Variations have been recorded in the electrostatic strength of the atmosphere caused by lunar-phase influenced fluctuations in ionization. H.S. Burr discovered that the electrical potential of trees climaxed during full moons, and was unrelated to fluctuations in barometric pressure, humidity, or the weather. The only outside influence the tree’s electrical potential fluctuation kept pace with was that of the changing phases of the moon. L. Ravitz found that people also possessed peaks of potential difference in accord with full and new moons. E.K. Bigg observed over an 81 year period that magnetic storms peaked in intensity just after full moons, and were lightest around new moons. Disturbances in the earth’s magnetic field have been found to follow lunar cycles.

It is obvious that these associations indicate that the entire process of the electrochemical production of colloidal silver is ruled by lunar influence. For that matter, all chemical processes are inextricably directed by celestial authority. It is essential to understand then, when the most propitious times occur to conceive these suspensions. With respect to the production of colloidal silver, lunar influence tables must be consulted. We know that tides are a direct manifestation of lunar forces, but there are also atmospheric tides which play an important role in the understanding of how the moon affects chemical reactions. D’Alembert, in 1746, was the first to discover lunar tides in the earth’s atmosphere. Atmospheric tides attend daily and monthly lunar cycles similar to ocean tides. High tide is observed when the moon is directly overhead or on the exact opposite side of the earth. This is called upper and lower transit respectively, or “souths” and “norths”. The highest atmospheric tide can be measured as air pressure, and occurs at lower transit every day. These daily high tides peak twice a month at new and full moons. The highest tides occur when the full or new moon is at perigee (closest approach to the earth), and higher still when the new or full moon at perigee crosses the ecliptic, or geometrical plane formed by the path of the earth’s orbit.

From a quantitative viewpoint, these tides are extremely small causing the barometer to rise only .001 inches in a day. This influence is location dependant, and may be as much as three times higher near he equator as it is in middle latitudes. This still seems too quantitatively minuscule to have any effect on silver electrodes in an 8 oz. glass of water.

Here we must turn to the work of John Alden Knight. In the mid 1920s, while fishing with a friend, he was told about the folkloric “moon-up/moon-down” theory. The basic premise is that fish feed only at certain times of the day, and that the best times could be found when the moon was either “southing” or “northing”. Knight went on to develop this theory over the next few decades into what is now known as the “Solunar” (combining Sun and Moon) theory. Of course, this theory didn’t just apply to fish, and he would discover that animals, including humans, would become more active and have more energy at these times than at all other times of the day. One might wonder why they wake up in the middle of the night full of energy only to consult the tables Knight created, and find that a Solunar period was in progress. These periods last anywhere from 1½ to 3 hours dependant on the moon’s relationship to other celestial processes. Minor Solunar periods are indicated during the rising and setting times of the moon, and Major periods are indicated during the two transits. These periods are, of course, location dependant, and Knight has created tables which are available for every major fishing location in the country (see references). The easiest way to roughly calculate this for yourself is to add 6 hours to the rise and set times for the moon. If you are connected to the Internet, you can obtain moon rise and set times for your local area for the entire year by going to the Naval Observatory’s website at http://riemann.usno.navy.mil/aa/data/docs/RS_OneYear.html. Once you have these, simply add 6 hours to the daily rise or set time to find the major periods.

These appear to be the best times for the production of colloidal silver. If on a new or full moon, even better. Although we haven’t had lab tests done on every batch (the cost is $40 per sample), taste tests and light yellow color confirm a fairly good batch every time they have been made during major Solunar periods. Minor periods produce a somewhat fair batch, and in-between times have consistently yielded a poor quality colloid.

Other moon factors to consider are high and low runs/rides, and the traditional full moon names. When the moon “Runs High”, or “Rides Low” on the equator, this refers to how high the moon is in the sky that day. The moon is always highest for that day when it souths, but its height above the southern horizon at southing varies during the month. It’s at its highest above the horizon when it souths on a “Runs High” day. It’s at its lowest on a “Rides Low” day, which happens about two weeks later. On the celestial equator, the moon is about halfway between these extremes and this occurs twice during the month. This is caused by the interaction of the moon’s phases and the seasons. For the Northern hemisphere the midsummer full moon is always low in the sky, whereas the midwinter full moon is nearly overhead.

The traditional names of the full moons for each month of the year represent the qualities possessed by each individual moon. For example, “Harvest Moon” in September was said to be responsible for the ripening of produce. To the Romans, Diana’s day fell at the time of the Harvest Full Moon, and offerings were made to her at this time to ensure the ripening of their fruits. Some of the names associated with each month’s full moon are derived from the traditional Algonquin Native American or Colonial Full Moon Names as follows:

While this is fascinating from the standpoint of folklore, no correlations have yet been made between these full moon names and their respective qualitative influences. The Solunar theory seems to hold true at all times of the year, but can be slightly altered by these other factors, and delicate adjustments to your tables (plus or minus a maximum of 45 minutes) would then be in order.

As you become familiar with these Solunar periods, you will also begin to notice how many other daily events are directed by the moon’s influence. Once the connection has been made, there is no turning back, and many new discoveries concerning celestial influences will surely appear in time. The practical benefits of these correspondences are starting to reveal themselves to us in many ways, and hopefully will point us in the direction of a greater quality of scientific endeavors.

References

1. Moon Up — Moon Down: The Story of the Solunar Theory by Johm Alden Knight, Solunar Sales Co., 1972.
2. Moon Madness — And Other Effects of the Full Moon by Paul Katzeff, Citadel Press, 1981.
3. The Metal – Planet Relationship: A Study of Celestial Influence by Nick Kollerstrom, Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, 1993.
4. Metal Power — The Soul Life of the Planets, by Alison Davidson, Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, 1991 (out of print).
5. The Chemical Basis of Medical Climatology by Georgio Piccardi, Charles C. Thomas, 1962.
6. Climate and the Affairs of Men by Nels Winkless III and Iben Browning, Fraser Publishing, 1975.
7. “Planetary Influences on the Matter of the Earth”, by Trevor James Constable, Round Robin – The Journal of Borderland Research, Vol. 18, No. 2, March 1962.
8. Personal correspondence — Jack Payne, Solunar Services, Rushville, IN 46173 (Solunar tables may be purchased here for $30 a year).
9. Luna _97 Lunar Almanac Version 2.10, clySmic software, 1997, http://www.clysmic.com.
10. Geo-cosmic relations; the earth and its macro environment – Proceedings of the First International Congress on Geo-cosmic Relations, Amsterdam, 1989. G.J.M. Tomassen, Pudoc, Wageningen, 1990.

Related articles:

1. Round Robin: The Silver Ghost Mines of the West, And How They Got That Way!
2. America’s Amazing Alchemist
3. CONTRAILS: Scientific Studies Regarding Aircraft Contrails and Cloud Formation

THE EXPERIMENTS WHICH WILL HERE BE DESCRIBED ARE NOT IN THEMSELVES DANGEROUS. THERE IS DANGER FOR THOSE WHO DO NOT TAKE ORDINARY PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING AC POWERED RADIOS.

ANY WORK PERFORMED ON SUCH RADIOS DEMANDS DISCONNECTION FROM THE MAINS DURING ALL PREPARATORY PHASES OF THESE EXPERIMENTS. NEVER CONNECT WIRES TO ANY RADIO WHICH HAS BEEN LEFT OPERATING. HAZARDOUS SHOCK CAN RESULT. DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES PERFORM THESE EXPERIMENTS DURING A STORM! GROUND ANTENNAS ARE DIRECT CONNECTIONS TO EARTH. WE SUGGEST YOU TAKE PRECAUTION BY OBTAINING AN INEXPENSIVE LIGHTNING ARRESTER FROM LOCAL RADIO MARKETS.

THE historical essay on Ground Antennas is only a preliminary bibliography, a foundation upon which to place our empirical confidence. It is through the agency of just such articles and patents that an archane world model finds its most complete explanation. The inherent wonder of signals detected by ground-connected shortwave receivers is their ability to receive signals with greater strength and clarity than conventional aerials, and to reveal the bioactivity of subterranean propagation. Beyond their use as audio “capture systems”, such shortwave receivers display other more intriguing characteristics which lead our attentions up toward a technology of the sublime. With the shortwave receiver as a radionic tuning instrument, an interface which captures and converts geomantic dynamics into audio signals, we have made several astounding observations.

Recall that when shortwave radio receivers were employed as peculiar detectors of geomantic energy, additional unexpected phenomena began to flood the relevant literature. Close inspection reveals that both “ground radio” and “ground antennas” are the components of Radionic phenomena, and are completely dependent on Radionic principles for their astounding and otherwise anomalous performance. Explorations of the interactions between radiosignals and geomantic energies require very simple equipment. Geomantic energy is biodynamic, and actively modifies and augments radiosignal carriers. This presentation will focus primarily on the more qualitative aspects obtained through the use of ground-buried aerial designs, although it will certainly follow that stringent quantitative measurements will be both secured and reported.

This basic preliminary experiment with the simplest ground aerial teaches the biological growth characteristic of signals received through the ground. Indeed, the implementation of a simple ground pipe in place of an aerial, also converts the shortwave receiver into a diagnostic tool. We may, by merely sweeping the receiver dial, probe and “view” the biodynamic conditions prevalent in the ground. Despite the great variety of ground aerial designs, we observe a consistent signature of the ground densified biodynamic energies.

EXPERIMENT WITH A COPPER GROUND PIPE

(G. Vassilatos)

Please observe the precautionary notes placed at the beginning of this article! When you have, try a simple experiment for yourself. Obtain a short (2 feet) section of copper pipe from any hardware store. Make a small cut into the top of this with a hacksaw. The cut is made so that you may twist into it a secure wire lead. Although the placement of the pipe is most important for many radionic experiments, you will not be required to select the most potent spot. While there are those whose qualitative sensitivities permit such a direct location of highly “active” ground locations, there are more quantitative methods to assist in this necessary survey. If you wish to conduct your experiments outdoors, you will need appropriate portable radios and the like. In this case, you will more readily discover the phenomena which we will mention. Plants are great indicators for determining the right placement of ground antennas and earth batteries — as they are also great indicators of subsurface mineral content.

If you wish to establish the very best point, find a place where dark green vegetation thrives. Empirical explorations will serve you best. While desertified plots of earth generally reveal the absence of easily accessible ground currents, you will discover an amazing phenomenon in such a location. Wait until the ground is soft. I usually wait until after a good rainfall before driving my experimental antennas down, having selected a very verdant garden strip just below my office window. You will need an available window, if you wish to maintain the arrangement with the radio indoors. Wire will be run from your receiver to the ground antenna, so it is imperative that your window coincide with the ground point which you have selected.

Wear gloves when performing this portion of the experiment. Using a small sledge, carefully drive in a 2 foot long copper pipe. The pipe you choose can be much longer according to your local needs. I left a 4 inch section above ground for the hookup. Obtain a sufficient length of coaxial cable (RG 58 works fine) to establish a lead between the pipe and your radio receiver. If long enough, an old straight electric guitar cable will do. I clipped off both phono plugs and used the center conductor for my experiments. Neatly trim away the outer shielding with rubber tape. First connect the center lead directly to the “aerial” terminal of your receiver. If your receiver has only an external antenna, connect the ground lead directly to this antenna. Now carefully drop this wire from your window to the ground antenna. Close the window to hold the line, and go outside to establish your connection.

OBSERVATION 1

The line will instantly be flooded with ground currents, very high potentials which will not cause “shock”, but which may over-excite your system. Take care not to handle these lines for too long a time without rubber gloves. The line from ground may appear “dead” to all appearance, but it is a source of powerful vitalistic effects which can cause fatigue and other congestive sensations. Once attached to your receiver, leave the wire alone. The ground currents may be applied to any kind of receiver. I successfully received television signals with a ground antenna, obtaining surprisingly clarified signals on most of the shorter wave channels (7 through UHF) without any other aerial. Ground antennas are very useful for those who live in mountain-bound locations, where television reception is distorted or even absent.

I first connected the lead wire from ground to a small shortwave receiver, a Hammerlund 38-S, which was acquired at an amateur radio sale. The simple ground pipe brought in a surprising wealth of very strong signals. When you first hear these signals for yourself, you must take time to realize that the original radio theory “prohibited” all such possibility. Straight connection to ground was theoretically considered an impossibility, being the “neutralization” of signals received through the aerial wave route. It was precisely because of these observations that the original theoretical model, which spoke only of “radio skywaves”, was first modified to accommodate the obvious ground wave activity. Once dogmatically fixed, radio theory required continual “a posteriori” modifications: modifications from the empirical world. Now you will begin to observe and appreciate numerous empirical effects which are yet considered “impossible”. With your small system, you will literally peer into the subterranean world, where bioactivities are in persistent dynamic exchange.

OBSERVATION 2

The first such effect has to do with the “response” characteristics of ground currents. Tune to one of your stronger stations. While listening, momentarily disconnect the ground wire. Notice the sudden drop in volume and signal integrity. How long did this volume diminution occur? Now reconnect the lead, while paying close attention to the sound quality over time. How long did the signal require in order to reach its original volume? I have repeatedly observed that the disconnection volume drop is rather instantaneous. But the reconnection volume requires a much longer time, some 40 seconds in certain cases. The slow restoration effect sometimes occurs in a discontinuous fashion, first rising slowly (20 seconds), and then very suddenly (3 seconds). The volume increase in this manner can be both unexpected and surprising, often reaching volume levels which actually exceed their original states.

You will find that every local change in proximity to the circuitry of your simple system will provoke the “restoration response”. Signals seem to lag each change which has been applied to the system. The adjustment of the ground antenna will provoke the response, a slow rise in volume occurring perhaps in 35 seconds after an adjustment has been made. As with the response of living things, the ground receiving receiver behaves as a quasi-biological entity; a poignant and astonishing glimpse of Biodynamic behavior. Bio-organisms do not behave in the manner of digital switches. But once signals have been impacted by any electrical expression, ground received signals will execute an exaggerated restoration. This exaggerated response will be observed with every local electrical disturbance. The mere activation of an appliance or lamp will evoke the rapid diminution of any signal. But the restoration phase can gradually increase in volume until it overwhelms the listener, reaching excessive volumes. This response is more than “withdrawal and restoration”. Its effects can persist long after the impact has occurred. Proper placement of the ground antenna absolutely determines this magnification effect, an observation made throughout the last Century.

Provided the ground “antenna” has been accurately placed in an “active spot”, the effect most notably occurs with any electrostatic discharge. The first response is for the signal to “shrink”, or “withdraw”. The ground signal gradually reemerges in strength, but continues expanding beyond its normal volume, “flaring” into distorted brilliance before settling down to its normal volume. This amplification effect is not to be confused with the commonly observed shortwave “fading” effect, and is the direct result of disturbances which have occurred in proximity to the system. These brilliant audio “flares” can persist for upwards of ten seconds after the disturbance has passed, followed by a very gradual decrease in volume to the original signal strength. The flaring response was artificially arranged and used in a great number of post-Victorian devices.

This biodynamic response was used to magnify vital energies, and was evoked by Turn of the Century systems through the use of pulsed electrical disturbances. The highly intensified quasi-electrical potentials, subsequently obtained, were used to cure illness and light lamps. In other appropriate instruments, such resultant currents were used to fulfill a variety of other experimental functions. With the requisite proper location of the ground terminal, the effect was deliberately applied to the ground currents themselves (Tesla) and to human patients (Abrams). While the results were often spectacular to the senses, the latent effects were seldom addressed.

We concur with those select Radionists, who condemned the electrostimulation of ground and vital currents as an inferior methodology. Such methods may provide intriguing solutions to the need for electrical power, but as that is a degenerate technology in its own right, we have sought other means by which to fulfill the utilitarian needs of humanity. The electrostimulation methods provoke natural rage on an unappreciated scale, with effects not recognized by all but the most astute observers. It is a means of which we also highly disapprove. There are indeed better and more naturally acceptable means by which to evoke the growth and magnification response in ground currents. One may romance the favors of Nature without the methods which deliberately enrage her furious wrath.

OBSERVATION 3

There are other effects one notices, especially when tuning faint stations with ground antennas. It seems that tuned stations actually become stronger in the act of being heard, a bizarre effect requiring fine order readjustments. Indeed, continued reception of faint stations evidence definite auto-magnification effects. Obtained only through the use of analogue (variable capacity) tuning systems, the tuning process seemingly magnifies the strength of any faintly received signal. One may thus begin with a signal “granule”, and end with a booming volume. Such entuned signal growth only occurs with continued attentive reception, a remarkable phenomenon in which receivers literally draw and automagnify signals on demand of the listening site. This strange connective “supply-response” function does not occur without human agency however. In absence of the human “recipient”, no such amplification occurs, a curiosity which will find numerous skeptics and critics. But try the experiment for yourself.

Tune a weak station and leave the room. The signal fades away. Walk in again and quickly tune the signal. Walk away once more. The signal fades. Once more, tune the signal and walk back from the receiver. With very minor waverings, the signal strength will remain unchanged…until you walk directly before the receiver. Stay this time. Tune the signal and wait. You will literally hear the signal gradually rising in volume. The faint signal will gradually, almost perceptibly, grow in strength for you as you remain in the room. Now tune the signal carefully, rocking the dial to the left or right of center. Each readjustment raises the signal strength, until the volume is strong. Periodic minor adjustments will reveal a remarkable volume magnification, one which can reach enormous and fixed volume levels. This observation takes time and patience. With such patience, one can thus literally obtain a “signal bonfire” from a “signal spark”. We have observed a signal increase while attentions are being focussed on the signal, with a subsequent complete fade back to faintness after the recipients have been removed.

Why can you tune such a weak station, periodically making “fine adjustments”, and obtain a signal magnification? Tuning a weak signal through a ground antenna, and then observing the manner in which that signal actually “grows” in strength for a human recipient, is a demonstration of radionic significance. The same has been observed when radionic currents are selected through tuning instruments, and allowed to stimulate a biomonitored plant. The results are always the same, plant responses indicating the gradual increase of radionic current strength. Unlike aerial currents, ground signals are more intensely radionic in nature. They actively seek to infuse appropriate bio-organismic “capacities”. Ground currents enter the receiver and are there entuned. The receiving circuit projects an infusive and thready auric radiance which floods the listening space until its natural saturation has been reached.

Those who are in the listening space add an additional absorptivity, a capacity to allow a continued projection of auric emanations. This continued projectivity into proximal recipients produces several characteristic attributes. Recipients who possess an innate desire, an emotional response for the signals, produce sudden surges in the reception strength. When attention is strongly focussed on some faint signal, then it will grow. The ground emerging signals will therefore intensify for you and those with you in a room, pouring into the listening space and being thus articulated among human “capacities”. As radio signals are loaded with the articulation of human attention, the signal will grow more rapidly. It has recently been observed that the very same signal, when later left unattended, will fade back into the crashing background. Desirous attempts made to relocate and raise the same signal are not unsuccessful. The absence of appropriate numbers in the human recipients will modify the rapidity of signal growth. The humanly guided tuning process which engages such signals actually entunes the recipients in a radionic manner.

The refinement and entunement of such signals are very obviously a radionic phenomenon of the deepest significance. Entuned magnification effects are therefore radionic entunement effects, the magnification of human articulations by human recipients. Neither electrical nor radio currents possess the articulate nature capable of exhibiting such a detailed biodynamic function. We have previously demonstrated this phenomenon with biomonitored plants, an effect which experimenters may easily reproduce. The implications of this strange effect are enormous for the theoretician. They compel the examination of every notion of radiosignal causality. The only researcher who has treated this effect is Eric Dollard, whose excellent work describes “energy reciprocation” between Tesla impulse transmitters and receivers.

The fact that signals may be drawn from ground on human demand, and automagnified by human presence, should provoke heated debate. How can one explain the veritable control of a distant transmitter by a small receiver? In a biodynamic sense, we are not required to address distant transmitters, since ground currents automagnify with regularity. The additional energy which feeds radionically entuned and capacity-demanded ground signals is sourced within the great subterranean depths.

OBSERVATION 4

You will notice that, soon after you have first introduced the pipe into the ground, your first received stations will begin to “grow” in strength. This effect will continue for days, growing in increments of strength and clarity. Fixed volumes begin to reach levelled states in 2 or 3 days, a growth process uncommon with aerial signals. But beyond the signal growth of the strong stations, one begins observing the gradual increase in station numbers with time. Your initially strong stations, those which grew in the course of 3 days, will now become interspersed by a great population of faint signals. This “background” population will then increase in magnitude and clarity until your sweep dial is filled with an immense “crackling”. By day 4 or 5 with this arrangement, my sweep dial was literally covered with the continual “crackle” of new signals.

Sweeping the dial will thus continually bring in tiny signal “granules” between the stronger signals, those which normally mask these almost imperceptible stations. The gradual appearance of new stations, and the gradual “arrival” of a great many minor signals, begins manifesting with time. The buried pipe becomes a “receptive site”, into which the upwelling currents actively pour. These effects were rediscovered when buried metals began producing their characteristic “tone signatures”. A singularly fascinating study, we found that each buried metal literally became “saturated” with ground currents. This saturation process also required a gradual period of time (Earth Tones audio tape, BSRF).

Because of the slow growth process, where stations grow in both strength and number with time, one must eventually secure a larger “capacity” receiver. One learns that shortwave radionic applications need specific and well designed receivers — of the vacuum tube type or germanium transistor variety. Many of the newer digital models are insufficient. Through a gradual familiarity with numerous models, each experimenter will settle upon the use of one or two particular favorites. Mr. William Lehr rebuilt a Zenith Trans-Oceanic for me. It is a receiver which I cherish, not only because of its wonderful “warm” tone and excellent operation with the ground antenna, but because he rebuilt it for me personally. The popular set is equipped with small screw terminals, one for the normal onboard telescoping antenna, and the other for a ground wire. I disengaged the onboard telescoping antenna, connecting its internal lead wire instead to the ground screw. The ground antenna was then connected to the aerial screw.

In this reversal, the receiver recognizes the ground antenna as the “aerial”, while the collapsible onboard antenna is recognized as the “ground”. This “inversion” of radio inputs more effectively works the shortwave capacity in absorbing ground emerging signals, the collapsible aerial becoming a miniature “counterpoise” ground. A great many separate phenomena are noted with this arrangement, one pioneered by Nikola Tesla and (most recently) explored in greatest depth by Mr. Eric Dollard. Touching the telescoping “ground” causes the complete eradication of signal strengths across the dial, the withdrawal of this touch causing the characteristic slow return to original volume. One discovers now the necessity of adjusting the telescopic “ground” with each tuned station, a means by which increased “room capacity” is achieved. The telescopic “ground” facilitates an increased connectivity within the volume of space surrounding the receiver.

OBSERVATION 5

With persistent saturation, your ground pipe antenna will continue producing a surprising proliferation of signals. In this growing manner, signals kept appearing from greater and greater distances. Understand that the reception of foreign signals through the ground matrix is completely different from that which presupposes the downward “skybeaming” of signals. With ground reception there is no “skipping”. Ground reception is the result of direct contact conduction. Signals have to travel from their sources to you…in straight lines! You may therefore understand that the most weak and distant stations, those innumerable transmitters which lie in the “geography between” yourself and certain strong foreign stations, will begin to make their appearance. A slow growth period will prove this effect to you.

But the loss of signal population, when the pipe is retracted for a few minutes, cannot be comprehended unless we further examine the “signal accretion” phenomenon. The acquisition of new stations into a ground antenna occurs throughout the day, regardless of the weather or time. The Radionists who studied these phenomena recognized that ground emerging signals actively seek out both ground-proximal metals as well as those which are actually buried. Ground currents can rise to the surface when metal probes are simply aimed toward the ground. It has been observed that the mere positioning of a blunt-ended cable over ground is sufficient to cause an upward flow of ground currents, a reception of signals being obtained (Theroux).

The process is one by which ground currents literally “attach” themselves to the downward pointing conductor, entwining and fixating themselves through time. If this is true for conductors which merely point into earth, the same is especially true of metalloforms which have been buried. The upwelling emergence of ground currents is the result of the pipe itself, a response to a metal body which has been buried near the surface. The ground antenna behaves as a very definitive metallic “attractor”. Driven down into a few feet of earth, metal structures literally attract ground currents from their deeply consigned pathways upward. The process of attraction and accretion requires time. This explains why signal strengths begin to grow when buried terminals are first buried, continuing until the pipe and receiver have reached their capacity to absorb.

The withdrawal of signals, after the pipe has been momentarily disturbed, is problematic from every electrical point of view. What principle can be cited in explanation of this remarkable signal disappearing act? What causes the signals to “shrink away” from the ground terminal when its growing potential has been disturbed for a few moments of inspection? This “disengagement phenomenon”, the striking disappearance of signals, compels the recognition of an “irritability” factor when dealing with ground currents. Irritability is a biological characteristic not present in electrical currents. What have these signals to do with biological activities? Wishing to address those skeptics who cannot accept this energetic growth characteristic in grounded terminals, I pulled up the pipe to better inspect its surface. Fully expecting to find the metal “pitted” in thousands of tiny corrosion points”, the probable points in which the innumerable signals appeared, I was not a small bit shocked to find the pipe in excellent condition. There was not a bit of visible corrosion, certainly no pitting or scarring in the otherwise brilliant sheen which it had when I pounded it down into the earth. But the mystery did not stop there.

I placed the pipe back into a new location, adjacent to its original ground chamber. Thus driven down to the exact depth as it had been before, I went inside to listen once again. All but the strongest signals had disappeared. Obviously, the multiplication of signals is not the result of corrosion, not the result of continued ground “electrolysis”. While “pitting” the pipe exterior with innumerable exposures will increase the effective conductive surface of any pipe to an amazing degree, such corrosion will play little part in the actual increase of signal receptivity. In fact, neither ground antennas nor earth batteries corrode; a perplexing fact which we have rediscovered long after Nathan Stubblefield made its first mentioned.

OBSERVATION 6

Deep fades are never heard with ground antennas, but one does observe sudden “sweeps” which indicate strange and instantaneous ground disturbances. These do not disturb station reception, certainly not distorting or destabilizing the actual signals being received. Using ground antennas, only a very slow wavering is sometimes observed. These exceedingly slow waverings occur with no clocklike regularity, suggesting that true biological pulsations are being observed. Such exhibitions were once referred to me by Dan Winter as the deep earth “tides”, meaning by this that the biodynamic currents clearly engage in native pulsations. Since we have never glimpsed those currents of enormous vital potential, those “dragons” which normally reside deep in the heart of earth. These currents are definitely modified by influences in outer space, rising toward the surface during certain seasons, and diving back down to their mysterious haunts once again.

During sun-transitional hours, ground received SW signals do not appear to be “geodesically” selected. In other words, one does not receive a complete “global sweep” of signals, from nation to nation. The “sweep” may display continuity across a large region of ground, a cluster of neighboring nations being heard in sequence, but each region is not received with continuity. One discovers that whole regions of the earth suddenly emerge from the SW background and literally predominate the reception field.

Selectivity of signals through the ground occurs as if whole regions of the world have been “switched” on and off — independant of station schedules. Directly and most strongly related to lunar phase, one observes the sudden emergence of whole regional group signals which take preeminence over all others. One can tell the portion of a lunar month by these strange regional “fluorescences”, an amazingly repetitive pattern. In Staten Island, ground radiosignals follow a mysterious pattern of arrivals. Modulated by the moon, signals from Canada (New), Northern Europe (First Quarter), South America (Full), the Mediterranean (Last Quarter) will predominate across the available broadcast bands.

EXPERIMENT WITH the “Subantenna” coil

(M. Theroux)

The “Subantenna” coil will require a bit more work on the part of the experimenter to construct, but is a worthy undertaking as we can see from the ad that this design was a commercial success. It has also proven itself over and above simple grounded rods, to be a highly sensitive receiver when properly placed in the ground. Its construction is actually quite simple. You will need roughly 30 feet of RG 58 coaxial cable, one roll of black electrical tape, one alligator clip, a pair of scissors, and a pair of wire strippers. The “Subantenna” coil, when finished will be about 4-5 inches tall and 6 inches in diameter. Start by cutting the wire into two sections — one 16 feet long for the coil — the remaining 14 feet will be used for connection to your radio. Begin winding the first turn of the coil (using the 16 ft. section) so that it is exactly 6 inches in diameter. No coil form is necessary with this method — as you add each successive turn, you will be taping the turns together in three evenly separated places. Add another turn and tape. By the time you are finished, you will have about ten full turns. Cover the bottom bare end of the coax wire with tape. You should have about 6 inches of free wire at the top of your coil. Strip away about 1 inch from this end exposing the middle conductor wire. This solid wire is the “connection point” for the lead wire to your external antenna jack on your shortwave or AM radio. Cut away the excess shielding so that it is flush with the insulation. You are now ready to bury the “Subantenna” coil. Choose a spot of soft ground free from hazard, and bury the coil (be sure your “connection point” is sticking above ground or you’ll be digging it up again). Fasten the alligator clip to one end of the remaining 14 ft. piece of coax, clipping this onto the exposed middle conductor of the coil. You can now run this wire to your radio, fastening it to the external antenna terminal. If there is a specific jack for the external antenna, you may need to match it with the proper plug.

Observations

Initially, one will notice a substantial increase in reception. The most intriguing aspect of the Subantenna, or any grounded aerial, is its ability to cause signals to grow in intensity over a period of a time. After a few days one will be able to hear signals with increased clarity and depth. One of the most important features of this ground antenna is its static free reception. You will note that the conductor in the coil is insulated from the actual earth itself — conductivity plays no role in the function of this design. While the Subantenna coil filters static and brings in signals with extreme distinctness, there are drawbacks. One may notice after the coil has had sufficient time to become saturated with ground currents, reception of signals becomes so powerful that stations normally considered far enough apart, will “bleed over” onto one another. I have experienced five distinct stations hundreds of miles apart, pouring through the radio on one frequency at the same time. This can be a problem with weaker local stations being absorbed by more powerful distant stations, but generally the 50,000 watt AM stations ring through clearly. Only on given nights does this bleed over occur.

The warmth, clarity, response, and strength of such grounded radio systems are testimony enough. Coupled with the empirical reports and logs previously mentioned, plenty of proof is provided that, in many instances (especially concerning eidetic content), ground radio is a superior form of reception over Hertzian receivers. Curiously enough, we have seen many return to their antennas after having experienced radio through the ground. While no explanation is given, we assume they may need to hold on to the belief that radio only flies on waves through the air — all the while listening to the crackle, hiss, and fade of their favorite station.

Related articles:

1. An Introduction to the Mysteries of Ground Radio
2. The Wireless of Nathan B. Stubblefield
3. Hearing Through Wires: The Physiophony of Antonio Meucci

HISTORICALLY, the alleged reception of signals of an extraterrestrial origin dates back to the very beginnings of radio. In fact, we find that the recent history of the investigation into interstellar communications is almost completely restricted to the science of radio astronomy — a technology which is quite limited due to the necessity of obeying the confines of the electromagnetic spectrum. Early in his career, Dr. L. George Lawrence recognized this limitation, and sought to overcome it by introducing a means of communication which was not bound by conventional electromagnetic laws. “Biological” or “Biodynamic” communication, as Lawrence called it, found its medium completely outside of the electromagnetic spectrum, and therefore solved many of the problems facing the prevailing radio-astronomical methodology of interstellar communication. To comprehend the complexity of these problems, we must briefly detail the historical background of conventional interstellar communications (hereinafter referred to as ICOMM).

Radio Astronomy and the Birth of ICOMM

Both Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi would be remembered for their early pronouncements of receiving “alien” signals (see “Communicating with Mars”), but it wasn’t until 1930 that the birth of radio astronomy and the consequent reception of radio signals of galactic origin heralded the beginnings of ICOMM. Karl Jansky, an American radio engineer, was the first to pinpoint signals originating from the center of the galaxy in the 30s. Shortly after World War II and the development of RADAR, the military began frequently intercepting radio signals originating from outer space. With this development, the first large radio telescopes would be employed for purely scientific purposes.

The first plan to monitor the stars for signs of intelligent life was conducted by Frank Drake, the then Director of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) at Green Bank, West Virginia in 1960. The project was called “Ozma”, after the imaginary land of Oz, from L. Frank Baum’s Wizard of Oz. The intended targets were Tau Ceti (11.9 light years from earth) and Epsilon Eridani (10.8 light years from earth). After observing for a total time of about 4 weeks in the region of the 21-centemeter hydrogen band, no signals were found. Thus, ended Project Ozma — and to this day — no signals have been found by any standard radio-astronomical methods. Many so-called SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) projects, and several millions of dollars in funding later, have turned up nothing. Even NASA showed interest for awhile, spending $60-70 million since 1971, but in the early 1990s, they dumped SETI and other projects from their budget.

The SETI institute’s latest endeavor, called Project Phoenix, began in February 1995 at the Parkes radio astronomy observatory in New South Wales, Australia. So far, they have managed to bring in more than $7.3 million in private donations for their efforts. State-of-the-art equipment was used to listen to about 200 southern hemisphere stars, scanning 28 million channels simultaneously at single-Hertz resolution using the 64 meter radio telescope. A follow-up telescope located 120 miles away allowed them to distinguish between terrestrial and galactic signals by utilising Doppler shift. But, still no ET. Promising signals have all turned out to be things such as satellites, military radar, and even TV stations. They haven’t given up though, and plan to focus on 900 northern hemisphere stars next.

The Problem with Radio-astronomical ICOMM

The major difficulty with radio-astronomical ICOMM is that at its foundation can lie some very uncreative quantitative assumptions. The basis for the entirety of this research assumes that an extraterrestrial civilisation’s technology is comparable to, and has evolved to a state equal to our own. Without thought, academia casually presupposes that there are many, “…civilisations intelligent enough to build radio transmitters,” and “…several million civilisations matching the Earth’s standard of development.” Quite an egotistical assumption for a culture that admits no solution to the mysteries of their own ancient civilisations!

Because technology on this planet has evolved in a specific direction (in this case toward the quantitative and mechanistic) does not foreordain that any other civilisation’s technological evolution must parallel ours. It is quite possible, and certainly probable that many civilisations of galactic origin may have technologically evolved toward the perceptive and qualitative. These may be the standards by which they seek to communicate, and may offer greater success considering the great distances with which ICOMM necessitates.

Language of the Stars

The most difficult obstacle to overcome concerning ICOMM lies with the exchange of information. Since conventional presumption is so anthropomorphically restrained, the academics insist on using our own cultural and societal development as a guide to choosing the proper cosmic linguistic form. Simple messages, binary call signals, pictograms, and even an artificial schematic language called Lincos have been suggested and even transmitted to the stars. But, even simple language can pose incredible difficulty for scholars wishing to make an interpretation. Earlier advanced cultures on our own planet have left us with innumerable writings which still evade academia’s decryption. Even the late skeptic and mechanist Carl Sagan foresaw this conundrum: “European scholars spent more than a century in entirely erroneous attempts to decode Egyptian hieroglyphics before the discovery of the Rosetta Stone [1799] and the brilliant attack on its translation by Young and Champollion. Some ancient languages, such as the glyphs of Easter Island, the writings of the Mayas, and some varieties of Cretan script, remain completely undecoded at the present time …how can we expect that a civilization vastly more advanced than we, and based on entirely different biological principles, could ever send a message we could understand?”

Dr. L. George Lawrence was clearly aware of these facts before he began his pioneering efforts in biodynamic ICOMM. Dr. Lawrence proposed that certain advanced civilisations would have developed a means of communication utilising purely biological principles. This biological exchange of information has been previously outlined, which also detail Dr. Lawrence’s experiments in biodynamic transfer of information. Dr. Lawrence stated that these galactic cultures may have communicated by a method now lost to our civilisation — biological communication — where the biodynamic energy transfer acts as the carrier, and the patternate content is the modulation. This patternate content is an actual eidoform, or complete eidetic picture. As an alternative to conventional radio reception, biodynamic information appears to be transmitted in a longitudinal point-to-point fashion. One wouldn’t have to wait light years for the reception of a message — it could be nearly instantaneous.

Determining the Method of Transmission

Dr. Lawrence was not without his own assumptions concerning the possible methods of galactic transmission. Of course, we have to begin somewhere, and Dr. Lawrence, being a radio engineer, followed the simple progression entailed in sending and receiving conventional radio communications. This follows the Russian theorist Y.I. Kuznetzov’s outline of the communication process via the concepts of communication, coding, signal, and modulation. Lawrence’s version would be detailed thusly: The communication (Eidetic picture) would be converted into a form suitable for transmission (biodynamic signal), the coding being the method of conversion, and the modulation (patternate content) would be the change in the parameters of the emission serving as the carrier of the (biodynamic) signal. For reception, one would simply reverse this process.

Dr. Lawrence arrived at these conclusions based on his qualitative analysis of the sound emitted from his experimental setup. The modulations he heard displayed a character not unlike other conventional transmissions, which led him to work on their immediate conversion to visual images. At the very heart of Dr. Lawrence’s system was a unique form of biodynamic transducer which enabled him to receive and transmit signals of a biological origin.

Qualitative to Quantitative Analysis: Biosensor Technology and the Biodynamic Transducer

Early in Dr. Lawrence’s career, he began work on a series of transducers of biodynamic energy. In order to utilise quantitative measuring instruments, biodynamic energy would need to be converted or transduced into electrical energy. Initial experiments commenced with simple Wheatstone bridge circuits and plant material as the biosensor. Although the plant material reacted to biodynamic stimuli such as touch, and even directed thought, this was found to be unwieldy as the plant material was possessive of its own consciousness. It could easily become fatigued and stressed, or would simply seem unconcerned when experimental matters were conducted. Dr. Lawrence then began a systematic search of the organic semiconductor library for an answer. He found that a simple mixture of protein complexes, a sort of primeval soup as it were, produced remarkable results. But, the problem of tuning to specific biodynamic energies still existed. One needed to capture individual responses to particular stimuli in order to rule out any possibility of unwanted artifact. This necessitated the addition of special substances to the soup, to be used as what Lawrence termed the “excitation” mixture. These ranged from organo-methylglyoxol compounds to a variety of mineral compositions — each with their individual response characteristics. Now, the qualitative reactions of this biological “soup” could be directly transduced into a quantitative electrical signal via the use of high impedance amplifiers, and when mixed with a local oscillator, produced the desired output signal for analysis.

Project LUCAS

Project LUCAS, named after Dr. L. George Lawrence, was designed with the intention of re-creating these biodynamic interstellar communications experiments. Myself and researcher Michael Elsey journeyed to the High Desert area of the Joshua Tree National Monument for the re-creation. Many months of preparation preceded the actual experiments — the fabrication of biosensors and electronic equipment, laboratory testing, and experiment rehearsal. The project has been largely unfunded, and the total cost of the experimental setup was under $1000.

We began the experiment with a horizon-to-horizon scan of the sky to see if there was any indication of biodynamic signals present. It was immediately discovered that one of the newly constructed pieces of equipment, the actual electronic sensing apparatus, suffered from electromagnetic interference, and had to be removed from the experiment. An older unit was inserted in its place and performed to our expectations with no interference problems. Our initial targets would be two galaxies in the Ursa Major constellation: M81 and M82. These were chosen because of all the searches conducted, Dr. Lawrence had the greatest success there. Our horizon-to-horizon scanning continued slowly to ensure proper functioning of the equipment, and eventually would focus in on the target area. Our first pass at M81 revealed nothing. I was concerned that the older equipment wasn’t sensitive enough and I began turning knobs. Nothing happened. As we settled into the campsite, we decided to leave the telescope and biosensor focussed in on the target area for awhile. I remembered Dr. Lawrence’s notes regarding how several weeks would go by without the detection of any signal, but I was still becoming somewhat discouraged and impatient by the lack of reception of signals, and continued to believe the equipment may be to blame. Suddenly, bursts of modulation poured out of the speakers. I immediately checked the equipment to make sure there wasn’t a malfunction. Everything was in order. The bursts lasted only about ten seconds, and then as if nothing had happened, the equipment returned to the idle state. This would happen one more time the entire evening. Both instances were captured to cassette tape for further analysis.

We feel confident that this project was at least confirmation of Dr. Lawrence’s findings. There is no doubt that some kind of biodynamic signal was received from the direction of the constellation Ursa Major. Ideally, a remote biodynamic station would be set up to monitor this area on a continuing basis so more information could be obtained and analysed. We may return to the problem of interpretation of these signals at a later time, but for now, the reception of biodynamic information from space has once again been verified.

Conclusion

Hopefully, there will be enough interest and time to continue in this experimental direction. The need for better equipment, and constant monitoring are essential to such a project, but without proper funding, may be delayed for several years. Still, we continue experimentation on the transfer of biological information, and are now working toward development of simple practical applications of this technology. Working outside of the electromagnetic spectrum into the domain of biological energies opens up a vast new area of research far exceeding the singular employment of interstellar communications. Technologies which could arise from this pursuit are manifold, and applications such as point-to-point terrestrial or extraterrestrial communications, and portable biodynamic detectors may be a part of the near future.

References

1. Galactic Life Unveiled – The Phenomenon of Biological Communication Between Advanced Life in Space and Its Subliminal Effects on Terrestrial Man, by L. George Lawrence. Borderlands, 1997.
2. “Methods and Receiver for Biological Data Transport,” L. George Lawrence. Abandoned patent, 1981.
3. “Interstellar Communication,” L. George Lawrence, Electronics World, N.Y., 86:4, October, 1971, pp.34-45, ff.
4. “New Worlds Revealed by Living Transducers,” L. George Lawrence, Electrical Review, London, June 2, 1972.
5. “Biological Signals from Outer Space,” L. George Lawrence, Human Dimensions, HD Institute, Buffalo, 2.2, Summer, 1973, pp.16-18.
6. “Cinema 2000: The Quest for Extraterrestrial Video,” L. George Lawrence, Electronics and Technology Today, March/April 1992.
7. “Interstellar Communications Signals,” L. George Lawrence, Ecola Institute Bulletin #72/6A, Reprinted in Borderlands, 1st Qtr., 1996.
8. “Are We Receiving Biological Signals from Outer Space?,” L. George Lawrence, Popular Electronics, April 1991.
9. “The Starland Galactic Transmission Theatre,” L. George Lawrence. Unpublished.
10. “Biological Image Transmission,” L. George Lawrence, 1989. Unpublished.
11. Contact with the Stars, Reinhard Breuer, Oxford, S.F., 1982.
12. “The Galactic Gamble – SETI Researchers Boldly Comb the Cosmos for Stellar Radio Stations,” Michael Mechanic, Popular Communications, March, 1997.
13. Messages From the Stars, Ian Ridpath, Harper & Row, 1978.
14. The Search for Life on Other Worlds, Captain David C. Holmes, USN, Bantam, 1967.
15. Is Anyone Out There?, Jack Stoneley with A.T. Walton, Warner, 1974.
16. Intelligent Life in the Universe, I.S. Shklovskii and Carl Sagan, Delta, 1968.
17. We are Not Alone, Walter Sullivan, McGraw-Hill, 1964.
18. Charge and Field Eftects in Bio-systems, by W.J. Aston, Abacus Press, Turnbridge, UK 1984, pp.491-498.
19. Electrophysiological Methods in Biological Research, by J. Bures, Academic Press, N.Y., 1967.
20. Organic Semiconductors, by F. Gutmann and L.E. Lyons, Wiley, N.Y., 1967.
21. “Biosensors,” by C.R. Lowe, Trends in Biotechnology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2:3, 1984, pp. 59-65.
22. Biosensors: Fundamentals and Applications, by A.F.P. Turner, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK, 1987.

Related articles:

1. Detecting Biodynamic Signals, I
2. Plants as Sensitive Agents
3. Plants and Radionic Currents

Much evidence indicates that specific communications and energies DO exist outside the conventional electromagnetic spectrum of which our finest examples may be found in the sciences of radionics, homeopathy, dowsing, radiesthesia, and etheric engineering to name a few. While conventional modes of discovering these “biodynamic” signals has in the past relied on the human subject as an integral component of detection, we are concerned here with what has been referred to as the “automatic detecting instrument” – sans human subject. Our investigations into the detection of biodynamic signals begins with the outstanding work of L. George Lawrence.

L. George Lawrence, a Silesian-born electronics specialist, began his studies into plant biodynamics in 1962 while employed as a instrumentation engineer for a Los Angeles space-science corporation. He was actually engaged in a project to develop jam-proof missile components, and believed that using plant tissue as a type of transducer would produce the desired results. He summarized that living plant tissues or leaves were capable of simultaneously sensing temperature change, gravitational variation, electromagnetic fields, and a host of other environmental effects — an ability no known mechanical sensor possessed. These initial investigations led him to the works of Alexander Gurwitsch, a Russian histologist, whose experiments in the 1920s proved that all living cells produce invisible radiations of a biodynamic character. While observing the cells of onion roots, Gurwitsch noticed that they began dividing with a distinct rhythm causing him to trust that some type of vital force from nearby cells was the cause. To verify this hypothesis Gurwitsch devised a type of ray gun which entailed mounting an onion root tip inside of a thin glass cylinder which was then aimed at a matching arrangement with a small area of onion root exposed to act as a target. Gurwitsch allowed the onion “ray gun” to bombard the sample for three hours, at which time he examined the target specimen under his microscope. The number of cell divisions in the irradiated area had increased by 25 percent! Gurwitsch tried to block the emanations with a thin slice of quartz crystal, but this proved ineffective. Only glass or a gelatin substance guaranteed blocking the transmissions. Owing to the fact that these rays from the onion “ray gun” demonstrated increased cell division or mitosis in the target, Gurwitsch called them “mitogenetic rays.” Many other laboratories would confirm his findings. Researchers in Paris, Moscow, Berlin, and Frankfort all corroborated Gurwitsch’s results. Only the U.S. Academy of Sciences reported that Gurwitsch’s discovery was not replicable, and suggested it was merely his fertile imagination.

This system of being able to manage and direct the vital force in living plant tissue sparked Lawrence into action. Equipped with the knowledge of Cleve Backster’s recent experiments with plants and a polygraph instrument, Lawrence began building several psycho-galvanic analyzers to detect responses in plants. He quickly corroborated the results that Backster had obtained from his plant experiments — these results indicating that plants displayed a unique cellular consciousness. Over the course of his experiments, Lawrence would begin to modify the basic recording apparatus from the simple galvanic skin response indicators, to ultra-high-gain piezo-electrometers. He also did away with the pen recorder, opting for a built-in audio oscillator which produces a steady tone, changing to distinct pulsations when the plant sensor is activated by external stimulation. Aural monitoring has many advantages over the pen recorder, chief of which is the relative ease with which one can oversee (hear) the plant’s response. Another feature Lawrence would bring to the field was the replacement of the test plant with biologically active sensors, or “biodynamic transducers”. These could range from simple tubes containing vegetal material in a temperature controlled bath, to thin AT-cut quartz crystal wafers bonded with specific organic materials housed in a Faraday chamber. In the latter device, the highly reactive organic material induces changes in the crystal, which when used in an oscillator circuit, will alter the oscillator’s frequency.

Lawrence preferred to perform his experiments in what he called “electromagnetic ‘deep fringe’ areas”, where there were no man-made interferences. The remote locations of the high desert in southern California were his favored haunts for these investigations. In October of 1971, Lawrence was working on an experiment near Temecula, California. He had developed an instrument which would receive a directional biodynamic signal from a distance of up to one mile away. This instrument consisted of a lensless tube which housed a cylindrical Faraday chamber. The base of this tube contained a biodynamic transducer which was connected to the recording instrumentation. The complete “biosensor” tube was mounted on top of a low power telescope for directional sighting. To induce a stimulus into the directional biosensor, Lawrence would train the sights of his instrument on a plant or tree some distance away that had been previously wired with electrodes. These electrodes were connected to a switch which when closed would introduce a pre-measured current into the tree or plant. Back at the test site, Lawrence would then gently electrocute the tree or plant by radio control, causing his biosensor apparatus to respond wildly. This was an exciting new breakthrough in the field of detecting biodynamic signals for the instruments were now directional and worked at a considerable distance. But, this is certainly not the end of the story. On the day of these experiments, Lawrence and his assistant decided to take a late afternoon break. The biosensing instrument had been left on and was pointing in a random direction at the sky. As they began to eat their lunch, the steady sounds from the equipment abruptly changed to the familiar series of pulsations instantly signaling that it was picking up some sort of disturbance. After checking the apparatus and finding no malfunctions, Lawrence determined that the signals had to be coming from outer space! These seemingly intelligent gestures from an advanced civilisation would most probably be transmissions of a biological nature, and not from the electromagnetic spectrum which had so consumed the academicians of previous SETI projects. This discovery would remain the primary focus of all of Lawrence’s later experiments with biosensing instruments.

Lawrence had initially determined, based on the direction the instrument was pointing, that these signals originated from the constellation Ursa Major, commonly known as the Big Dipper. Later, after repeating the experiment several times with more elaborate equipment, he speculated that galactic drift may have been involved and that the signals may have been “spilling over” from the galactic equator which hosts a very dense star population. He believed the signals were not directed at earthlings, but were probably transmissions between companion civilizations, which he felt would communicate via “eidetic imagery”. This led him to begin analyzing these signals with video recording equipment. The images produced by these signals were called “biograms” and were basically digital spectrograms with a gray-scale resolution of 640 x 482 x 8 bits. Interpretation of these biograms needs considerable study. Unfortunately, there has been little information on this aspect of Lawrence’s work, and it seems as though this was to be the last installment of his labors.

The information we have retrieved on L. George Lawrence’s achievements is scant at best. Much of it comes from the few articles he wrote, and the brief generalizations from the writers of more popularized books. The whereabouts of his equipment and/or notebooks is not known at this time. An important document for the re-creation of Lawrence’s experiments is the movie version of “The Secret Life of Plants”. In this video Lawrence is shown at work with his biosensing equipment, and one can hear recordings of the reception of biodynamic signals. One credible resource states that Lawrence was an expert oceanographer, historian, cartographer, and originator of the world’s first laser engine. He is credited with the authorship of some 46 books, but we have recently discovered that the name “L. George Lawrence” was a pseudonym he used for his popular works, and only two books bearing that name are to be found. As the managing director of the Ecola Institute in the 1970s, he was engaged in nuclear radiation research, medical and agricultural biomagnetic research, and conceptive space research for NASA among other agencies. It is quite probable that much of the work that Ecola was pursuing was of a confidential or classified nature.

Over the last year, it has been a project of ours at BSRF to recreate and elaborate on the many innovations brought to our attention by L. George Lawrence. We began with the basics using simple psycho-galvanic instruments to analyze plant responses, and in the process, were able to recreate several of the results obtained by pioneers in plant research. Many of these recreations and new discoveries have been chronicled in the column, “The Borderland Experimenter” and elsewhere in the journal (under Plant Research). The impetus which directed our experiments toward those of Lawrence was the fact that he was able to obtain directional and “wireless” biodynamic signals over great distances.

The primary setup consists of a Faraday tube with an organic “biosensor” housed at its base. A rotating beam splitter at the end of the tube further cancels out interference from stray electromagnetic radiations. The most significant problem concerning this portion of the equipment is determining what will be the most suitable material for the biosensor itself. Originally, sections of plant leaves were used which had the electrodes clamped to them in the traditional manner. This proves to be a cumbersome procedure, and the plant material clamped as such quickly becomes stressed and ceases to respond at all. Hundreds of different “non-plant” substances have been tested in biosensor designs, most of which have failed in their capacity to produce the dynamic response of living materials. Unfortunately, Lawrence left few clues as to what would be the optimum arrangement here. We know that in his early work, Lawrence used a variety of mustard seeds floating in a nutrient bath for the reception of biodynamic signals. In later years, he would speak of using thin sections of plant stems or roots as a biodynamic transducer. Our finest results were obtained using this arrangement.

Next, the output of the biodynamic transducer is connected to the electronics package which can consist of a simple psycho-galvanic response indicator, to a more sophisticated adaptation which is shown in the schematic here. One can see this system described in many of Lawrence’s articles and in use on the aforementioned video documentation. The advantage of this system over the simple biomonitor is that it affords greater selectivity with regard to sensitivity when monitoring signals. The drawback is that since these more sensitive units are not a production item, one must be somewhat skilled at building electronic instrumentation. Unfortunately, there is not enough room here to give step by step instructions on the construction of such a project from a schematic diagram for those with little knowledge in electronics manufacture. The basic details of the circuit’s operation will be covered here, but some understanding of schematics and components is assumed.

The instrument designed by Lawrence has both a visual meter and an acoustical output indicator through a speaker. The audio tone output can also be directly connected to a tape recorder. A simple modification will allow one to connect the d.c. output to a pen recorder to make a permananet record of the retrieved signals. The connections to the biosensor or plant material may be done any number of ways already discussed.

Biodynamic Response Detector – Circuit Theory

Referring to the schematic, we will begin with the Wheatstone bridge section. The biosensor connected to input J1 forms part of a Wheatstone bridge with the other legs formed by R1 and R3. Power to the bridge is furnished by B1, which is controlled by R2. Switch S1 is an input/output polarizer which permits reversal of the current or excitation applied to the biosensor. This is most important, as the setting of S1 will determine whether the plant’s own generated currents will be superimposed upon the excitation currents.

The signal from the bridge is then amplified in IC1, which is protected from large signals by diodes D1 and D2 when switch S3 is closed. After the circuit is completely operational, S3 may be opened for maximum sensitivity. Power to the amp is given by B2 and B3 operated by switch S4. The output of the amplifier is indicated on meter M1, which is null adjusted by R3.

The amplified output also drives an audio oscillator (Q1 & Q2) whose fluctuation of frequency is a function of the signal from the biosensor/bridge arrangement. Indicator lamp I1 lights up when activated by the momentary pushbutton switch S6, and allows testing of battery function as well as the cueing of a mark on the tape being recorded due to the pitch increase as S6 is depressed. Transformer T1 supplies an audio output for the tape recorder, S7 turns the speaker on and off, and R18 adjusts the volume of the speaker.

After the successful construction of the instrument, one is ready to perform experiments. S3 should begin in the closed position to prevent excessive input signal going to IC1. Next, S1 should be turned on to apply current to the biosensor/bridge, which is adjusted by R2. S4 should be turned on next, followed by the adjustment of R3 for a meter null (zero setting). This will have to be readjusted occasionally as the biosensor or plant settles into its baseline (relaxed) condition. Indications of biosensor response will be observed on the meter, and in the fluctuations of the audio tone coming from the speaker. The actual amount of excitation controlled by R2, and the state of the superimposition of plant currents must be determined by actual usage. Performing these experiments in an area of low electromagnetic interference is ideal, but is not necessary unless one needs to control any outside influences. Armed with this instrument, one should be able to conduct a wide variety of unique experiments.

Schematic Diagram

Parts List

Resistors

R1 – 75k
R2 – 10k Linear Potentiometer
R3 – 100k Linear Potentiometer
R4, R5, R14 – 1k
R6 – 240k
R7 – 1M Linear Potentiometer
R8 – 82 ohm
R9, R10 – 470k
R11 – 3.3k
R12 – 10k
R13 – 4.7k
R15 – 100 ohm
R16 3.5 ohm 1 watt
R17 – 10 ohm
R18 – 8 ohm potentiometer (L-pad)
(all resistors ½watt unless specified)

Capacitors

C1 – .05µF
C2, C3 – 50µF 10 volt electrolytic
C4 – 220 pF
C5 – .01µF
C6 – .005µF

Transistors

Q1 – SK3011 transistor
Q2 – SK3003 transistor

Other

IC1 – µA741C op amp (Radio Shack 276-007)
D1, D2 – IN4004 Silicon Diode
B1, B2, B3 – 9v battery (with holders & clips)
B4 – 1.5v D-cell (with holder)
M1 – 0-1mA meter
P1 – RCA (male) plug
J1, J2 – gold fem. RCA jack
T1 – Audio transformer 250/8 ohm, 200mW
Spkr – 3.2 ohm
I1 – 2.2v lamp #222
S1, S4, S7 – dpdt switch
S2, S3, S5 – spst switch
S6 – Normally open pushbutton switch
3 feet of shielded two-conductor wire
project case
8-pin IC socket
perf board or eched circuit boards
knobs for potentiometers

Selected References

“Electronics and the Living Plant”, L. George Lawrence, Popular Electronics, October 1969.
“Electronics and the Living Plant”, L. George Lawrence, Electronics World, October 1969.
“Experimental Electro-culture”, L. George Lawrence, Popular Electronics, February 1971.
“More Experiments in Electro-culture”, L. George Lawrence, Popular Electronics, June 1971.
“Are We Receiving Biological Signals from Outer Space?”, L. George Lawrence, Popular Electronics, April 1991.
The Secret Life of Plants, Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, Harper & Row, 1973.
“Contact with Extraterrestrial Life”, Joseph F. Goodavage, Saga Magazine, January 1973.
When Stars Look Down, George W. Van Tassel, Kruckeberg Press, 1976.

Related articles:

1. Detecting Biodynamic Signals, II: Interstellar Communication
2. Plants as Sensitive Agents
3. Plants and Radionic Currents